Type
Depends on type of light
Working principle
Luminescence by electricity
Invented
1809 by Humphry Davy (arc lamp)
First production
1879 by Joseph Swan and Thomas Edison (first demo of incandescent bulb)
Electronic symbol
Essentially, the lightbulb is a very thin filament of hard-to-melt metal  tungsten, usually  encased in a glass bulb filled with inert gases so that the filament doesn't oxidise and disintegrate. The electricity causes the wire to glow and a portion of that energy is turned into light.