In the Western Roman Empire, the epistle was not included in the Biblical canon that was formed in the 4th century AD. It was relegated to New Testament apocrypha.
For example, Bet365 was taken to court for refusing to pay over 1 million in winnings to a horse bettor in Northern Ireland in 2024. The company refused a payout of 54,000 to a customer in England in 2024, a case which was still ongoing in 2024.
